GEM Convention Center
Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
11:07 A.M. ICT
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Thank you! (Applause.) Thank you so much.
Everybody, please have a seat. Thank you very much. Xin chào.
(Applause.) Thank you, Tu, for the excellent introduction and your
outstanding work to help more young people in Vietnam get an education.
Give Tu a big round of applause. (Applause.) It’s not that easy
introducing the President of the United States. (Laughter.) Also
because the podium was a little higher than her. (Laughter.)
I want to thank everybody at the GEM Convention Center for hosting us. I
want to thank the government and the people of Vietnam for the wonderful
hospitality that you’ve extended to me over the past three days. I’ve
been deeply touched.
Wherever I travel around the world, obviously one of my jobs is to meet with
government leaders. And these meetings are important. But it means
that I spend a lot of time with older people like me. There’s a lot of
gray hair in the room. So one of my favorite parts of the trips I take
overseas is to get out of the government offices and to spend time with young
people like you. It’s fun. It gives me incredible optimism about
the future, because all of you embody the energy and the drive that is helping
to propel this region to new heights. You make me hopeful about the
future of ASEAN, hopeful about the future of the world.
And so that’s what I want to briefly talk about before I start taking your
questions.
As I think all of you know, I have a strong personal connection to this part of
the world, to the Asia Pacific and to Southeast Asia. I was born in
Hawaii, spent most of my childhood in Hawaii. But I also spent time in Indonesia
as a young boy. My sister was born in Jakarta. So this region
helped to shape me. It is also why I really like the food.
(Laughter.) And I have to say that the food I've had since I've
been here I've been really happy with.
Now, as President, a key part of my foreign policy is to deepen our ties with
countries and that peoples of Southeast Asia. And we’ve done that.
We've deepened the ties with our allies and our partners. We’ve
engaged more with institutions like ASEAN. We’re pursuing the
Trans-Pacific Partnership to grow our economies and to support jobs in our
countries. Together, we’re promoting peace and encouraging sustainable
development. We're protecting our environment, and trying to meet shared
challenges like climate change.
But government and businesses are only part of the equation. If we’re going to
meet all of these challenges, we also have to build strong relationships
between our people, and especially between young people like you and young
people in other ASEAN countries.
Keep in mind that here in Vietnam, two-thirds of you were born after 1975.
As I often say to young Americans back home, your generation can look at
the world with fresh eyes, without some of the old notions, the old habits of a
previous generation. And that gives you the perspective and the power not just
to help to grow Vietnam, but also to help shape the world.
Thanks to technology and social media, you’re the most connected generation in
history. I see it in my daughters, who are always on the phone, and they
have to teach me how to use the phone. (Laughter.) More than 30
million people in Vietnam -- one-third of the population -- are on Facebook --
just on Facebook. You’re posting selfies -- (laughter.) I know.
I was in the gym this morning, people were trying to take selfies.
(Laughter.) You're streaming the latest Son Tung MTP hit.
(Applause.) But you're also exchanging ideas and learning from each
other.
And so this gives you tremendous power. And we need your passion and
energy and talents to tackle some of our biggest global challenges -- whether
it's reducing poverty, to advancing equality for women and girls, to fighting
climate change.
Now, even in this digital age, as Tu pointed out, change doesn’t happen overnight.
It requires that you stay active and involved over the long term.
And it requires you to develop some practical tools. And that’s
why, three years ago, I launched the Young Southeast Asian Leaders Initiative
-- or YSEALI. And the goal is to empower young people like you with the
skills and the resources, and the networks that you need to turn your ideas
into action.
Since we started this, the YSEALI Network has grown to more than 67,000 members
across all 10 ASEAN countries -- including over 13,000 here in Vietnam alone.
And we’ve welcomed more than 350 YSEALI Fellows to the United States --
including some of you -- with more than 200 coming in the next six months.
So a lot of what we do in YSEALI is rooted in the power and importance of education.
That’s why nearly 19,000 Vietnamese students studying in the United
States right now are helping to bring back the kinds of skills and talents that
Vietnam will need to continue to grow and develop. It’s why, on this
visit, we announced a new partnership between American universities like
Arizona State and Vietnamese universities to boost training in science,
technology, engineering, mathematics and medicine. It’s why we announced
that, for the first time, the Peace Corps will be coming to Vietnam, with a
focus on teaching English.
And it’s why we announced that we’re moving ahead this fall with Fulbright
University Vietnam, right here in Ho Chi Minh City -- the country’s first
nonprofit, independent university. And the goal is to make sure that
Vietnamese students, no matter what their background, has access to a
world-class education that’s rooted in Vietnam’s rich culture and fueled by the
free exchange of ideas.
And I want to thank former Senator Bob Kerrey, who is here, who’s been one of
the key people to help lead this effort. Thank you very much, Bob.
(Applause.)
So all these efforts reflect our belief in you -- in your ability to keep
moving Vietnam forward. And there are some incredible young people who
are here who are great examples of the incredible talent and drive of young
people in Vietnam today. For example, I see Vietnam’s promise in Ngan Dang.
Where’s Ngan? Somewhere. There you are right there.
(Applause.)
So I had a chance to meet Ngan when I welcomed our YSEALI Fellows to the White
House. She started as a volunteer -- she started a volunteer group to
work with street children and orphans, and people with physical disabilities
right here in Ho Chi Minh City. So far, they’ve recruited some 450 volunteers,
delivered over 7,000 hours of mentoring, built five libraries in two cities.
And that's just one example of the incredible work that's being done by
young people right here in Vietnam. We're very proud of you. Thank
you. (Applause.)
A couple other people I want to point out. We've got
Loc Le Xuan. Where’s Loc? There he is right there.
(Applause.) So Loc teaches at Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam National
University. He’s a researcher at the Pasteur Institute. His dream
is to go back to his hometown and open a medical center so he can deliver
quality, affordable health care. He also helped start Give2Give, which
works with YSEALI members across ASEAN to improve their skills and build
stronger networks. So we're very excited about the work that you're
doing, Loc. Thank you so much. (Applause.)
I'm going to close with one more story just to give you an example of the
incredible work that's being done by young people. Elizabeth Phu is here, I
think, and was born here. In the aftermath of the war, Liz and her family
became refugees -- Liz was barely four years old. They packed themselves
into a boat; they began a dangerous journey. Pirates ransacked their
boat. But they made it to a refugee camp in Malaysia and, eventually, in
1979, to America. With just $20 in their pocket, Liz’s parents started to
build a new life in California. They taught their children about the
importance of education. And after years of studying and hard work, Liz
-- a proud Vietnamese-American -- ended up becoming one of my top advisors on
Asia in the White House. And we've relied on her for all kinds of
incredible policy work that we've done over the last several years.
So Tu, Ngan, Loc, Liz, so many of you -- you're already showing that you can
change the world to reflect our best values. You’re showing that with
determination and commitment, and optimism and hard work, anything is possible.
And that's why I'm so hopeful about the future between the United States
and Vietnam, that our relationship will continue to grow deeper and stronger.
But I'm also optimistic that you're going to be able to change the region
and the world in so many positive ways.
So as the great Trần Lập sang, “the path to glory days is getting closer.”
So cam on. (Applause.)
So with that, now is the time for me to start taking some questions. I
don't know if you’ve been briefed, but we have microphones in the audience.
I'm going to just call on people and I'm going to go boy, girl, boy,
girl, so it's fair. (Laughter.) If you can keep your questions
relatively short, so that we can get as many questions as possible. And
introduce yourself before you ask the question so we know who you are.
Okay? I'm going to start right here. We've got a microphone
coming.
Q Good morning, Mr. President. I'm from Ho Chi Minh City.
And we are 100 percent Vietnamese-owned company that produce high-end
plastic products and components in the supporting industries. And today
it is our honor to meet with the President, and we have an ambition to request
for your help
-- and that is we would like to be given opportunities to approach the leading
enterprises in the United States, especially in the sector of consumer
electronics, automotive, and airline industries, and other plastic-related products
for supporting industries. And so, under your help, we could be able to
join and be the supplier in the direct supply chain. And we are committed
to share the values of integrity and accountability. Thank you, Mr.
President. (Applause.)
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Well, thank you so much. As you know, one of the
things that we're really emphasizing is entrepreneurship
-- the idea of people starting their own businesses, selling goods across
borders, creating jobs, creating great products and services. And
yesterday I had a chance to meet with a number of young Vietnamese
entrepreneurs who are already starting to create digital platforms to sell
goods not just in Vietnam but also overseas.
This is one of the reasons why we're pushing very hard for the Trans-Pacific
Partnership -- TPP. Because what that does is it reduces the barriers
between countries for selling their goods and services. It gives
opportunities not just to big companies but also to small companies to enter
into the global supply chain. It raises labor standards and environmental
standards so that all countries are working on a level playing field. And
if we can get that done -- and the goal is, I think, to try to complete TPP
before the end of this year -- then that will open up a lot of opportunities,
and create great confidence among investors here in Vietnam and U.S. companies
who are interested in working with young people like you who may have a great
idea.
Now, my general rule in all this is not to actually broker deals and sign
contracts. That's somebody else's job. My job is to make sure that
we have the kinds of rules in place that make it easier for businesses to get
to know each other, to meet. And one of the things that we're doing with
the Vietnamese government is constantly looking for opportunities for trade
missions, for businesses to come and learn about what's going on.
And so what we'll do is we'll make sure that, through the consulate or through
the embassy, if and when we have U.S. businesses who are coming here to Vietnam
and are interested in meeting young entrepreneurs, that you'll have an
opportunity potentially to present your ideas and see if you can make a deal.
All right? Good luck. (Applause.)
All right, it's a gentleman's turn. All right, this guy. He looks
very happy -- right here. (Laughter.)
Q Hello, sir. I'm a student in Vietnam National University.
I have two questions for you. The first one is that you are a very
great leader, and we are young leaders. Do you have any advice that how
can we be great like you?
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Oh, wow. (Laughter and applause.) Now,
what's the second question?
Q And the second question is, we are young leaders. Do you
have any suggestion that how can we have to strengthen the relationship between
Vietnam and America?
PRESIDENT OBAMA: First of all, let me tell you, that when I was your age,
I was not as well-organized and well-educated and sophisticated as all of you.
When I was young, I fooled around a lot. I didn’t always take my
studies very seriously. And I was more interested in basketball -- and
girls. (Laughter.) And I wasn’t always that serious. So
you're already way ahead of me. You're doing good.
Whenever I meet with young people and they ask me this question, my most
important advice is to find something that you care deeply about, find
something that excites you, and put all your energy and effort into it --
because the path for everybody is different. Some people are very
passionate about education. Some people are very passionate about
medicine. Some people are passionate about business.
And so there's no one path to ending up being a leader. People sometimes
think that to be a leader you have to be a great -- you have to make great
speeches, or you have to be in politics. But there are a lot of ways to
lead. Some of the greatest leaders are people who are behind the scenes.
So, for example, in the United States, during the Civil Rights Movement
that helped to create opportunities for people like me -- because at the time,
African Americans couldn’t fully participate in society -- everybody here has
heard of Martin Luther King, but there were all these young organizers, your
age -- people like Bob Moses and John Lewis, and others who were helping go
into poor communities and registering voters, and getting them active and
getting them involved. And they were enormous leaders, amazing leaders --
even though they never made big speeches in front of big crowds.
But you have to feel passionate about something. And one of the things
that I always tell young people is, don’t worry so much about what you want to
be; worry more about what you want to do. And what I mean by that is, if
you are passionate about your work, then naturally over time you are going to
rise and people will admire and respect what you've done. But if all
you're thinking about is, I want to be a member of the National Assembly, or I
want to be very rich, or I want to be this or I want to be that, then you pay
less attention to the actual work in front of you.
And most of the people I meet who are very successful, in any field, are people
who just love their work. So Bill Gates, who started Microsoft, he didn’t
start off thinking, I want to be a multi-billionaire. He started off
thinking, I really like computers and I want to find out how I can create
really neat software.
I didn’t start off thinking I wanted to be President of the United States.
When I finally stopped fooling around and I wanted to get serious, what I
decided was that I wanted to help people in low-income communities, poor
people, have opportunity. And so I went to work in poor neighborhoods in
Chicago. And because I was interested in the work, I started asking
questions: Okay, how can I get more education dollars for these communities?
How can I get better housing built in these communities? And that's when
I became more aware of how politics worked. And I started asking
questions about how could I have more influence and how could I build organizations
that could potentially deliver the things that I was interested in. And
that's what led me into politics. But I didn’t start off saying -- even
though they never made big speeches in grorganizers, your age -- ppl s for I
want to be President. I started off saying I wanted to help these people.
So that's my most important advice. Decide what it is that you care about
deeply, and then put everything you have into doing that. If you're
interested in social media and you want to start a company, then focus on that.
And if you're interested in health care for people in villages around
Vietnam, focus on that. And if you get good at that, naturally you’ll end up
being a leader and you’ll have opportunities to do great things in the future.
All right? Good. (Applause.) Okay, it's a young lady’s turn.
There you go, since you got such a -- when you’ve got the paddy hat with
the “Thank you, Obama” -- (applause.) That was good organizing. So
go ahead. (Laughter.) She came prepared.
Q I am. So thank you very much, President, for your very
inspiring speeches. I'm from an organization called Save Son Doong.
(Applause.) So yesterday I literally burst into tears when you
mentioned preserving the cave for our children, our grandchildren. That
is something that we have been trying to do for the past few years. So my
question for you is that, because Son Doong does not just belong to Vietnam, it
is a world heritage, how would you, an American leader, a global citizen,
preserve it? And you also mentioned that you would like to get back to
Vietnam. If you have a chance to visit Son Doong, would you like to do it
on foot by trekking, or would you take a cable car? Fortunately, there’s
one. (Applause.) And also I have a gift.
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Well, you’ve got a shirt for me.
Q It would be my honor if you accept this gift.
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Well, that's a beautiful shirt. (Applause.) Well,
first of all, I definitely want to go visit the next time I come. And I'm
a pretty healthy guy, so I can go on foot. (Applause.) How long is
it? (Laughter.)
Q Seven days.
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Seven days. (Laughter.) Okay, I'm good.
(Laughter.) I can do that. (Applause.) Are there places to
get something to eat along the way, or do I have to carry my own food?
(Laughter.) Well, no, I'll carry it myself.
Well, look, I think the possible designation of a world heritage site is a
complex process. It would involve I think working with the government of
Vietnam, with existing organizations that designate world heritage sites.
We'll be happy to work with your organization, with the Vietnamese
government and others about the possibilities of doing that.
But I do think that one of the great things about your generation is, is that you're
already much more conscious about the environment than my generation was or
previous generations were. And that's really important not only to
preserve beautiful sites in our countries, but also because economic
development and the well-being and the health of your people and everyone
around the world is going to depend on how we deal with some of these
environmental issues.
Now, to some degree, this is not fair, I think it's important to note, because
if you think about Western industrial development, before we knew anything
about climate change, they used enormous amounts of carbon energy, and we in
the United States have a huge carbon footprint and for 100 years, or 150 years,
were helping to warm the planet. So it's not entirely fair, then, to say
to countries that are developing now, well, you have to stop because of climate
change.
But the problem is, is that if a country like Vietnam, or China, or India took
the same development path that the West did, we're all going to be under water,
because the climate is going to warm up so quickly and the climate patterns are
going to change, that, in fact, the terrible consequences could actually impede
development rather than advance development.
That’s why we had this agreement in Paris to have all countries join together
to deal with climate change. And what it says is, is that each country at
different stages of development have different obligations. The United
States, we have to do more. Countries like China that are large have to
do more. But everybody has to do something. And we all have an
obligation then also to help developing countries find new paths for energy and
development that are environmentally friendly, developing clean energy
strategies that can leapfrog over the old, dirty industries and immediately go
to the clean industries.
Now, the good news is I think that can happen. Because if you think about
-- everybody here has a cellphone, right? Everybody has a smartphone?
Yes, you do. Of course, you do. Well, in many countries like
Vietnam, you didn’t start off with a lot of phone towers and digging and laying
telephone lines under the ground. You leapfrogged the old technologies
and immediately went to a cellular technology and a wireless technology.
Well, the same thing that we're doing with communications, that's what we
need to do with energy.
And so, instead of going through the same energy usage in developing and
providing electricity and power, we need to start immediately finding cleaner
energy sources, which can create jobs and businesses and opportunities all
throughout this region. And I'm very excited about the possibilities of
doing that.
So we have to think about beautiful areas that need to be preserved. But
we also have to recognize that no matter how well we preserve one or two areas
in each country, if the overall climate patterns change radically, then we're
all going to be in a really difficult situation. And you're already
starting to see the effects of climate change here in Vietnam. I think
this country is going to be one of the most affected. And in someplace
like the Mekong Delta, you have drought on the one hand, but you also have
saline intrusion on the other hand. And that could have a huge impact on
Vietnam’s ability to feed its people, on fishermen, on farmers. And it
could be a really, really big problem if we don't do something about it.
So it's going to be up to you to start, and I'm going to want to partner
with you to make that happen.
Thanks for the tee-shirt also. (Applause.)
All right, so let’s see. You got flags and everything. (Laughter.)
Gentleman right here.
Q Good morning, President Obama. I'm from Study Abroad,
which brings American students to come to Vietnam to learn. My question
is that, as you said earlier, YSEALI initiative -- and I know that you want to
leave the White House very soon, but I'm wondering, when you leave do you come
up any plans to handle for the next President to maintain this very good idea?
Thanks. (Applause.)
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Well, it's a great question. This is something
that we're already planning. Our expectation is, is that the next
President will want to continue the incredible work that we've done with the
YSEALI. It's not just, by the way, young people in Southeast Asia that
we're doing this with. We have a Young Africa Leaders program that
involves young people from 50 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. We have a
Latin American version that brings young people together. And at some
point, we're going to bring key leaders from each of these areas so that they
can start learning from each other.
And our hope is, is that the State Department will continue this program.
But one of the things -- people always ask me, what am I going to do
after I leave the presidency. Because I'm so relatively young -- not
compared to you, but compared to other Presidents, I'm pretty young. And
I don't know everything that I'm going to do, but the one thing I do know I
will continue to work on is developing young leaders in the United States and
around the world. So, in addition to my hope that the next President
continues the program through the State Department, I'll make sure that through
my philanthropy and my own work that we're continuing to bring young people
together so that we can start building the kind of talent that knows each other
and is networked and is connected, and is learning from each other.
Because that's what it's going to take for countries in the future to be
able to solve these big problems.
If you ask me what I'm most excited about in terms of my legacy 20 years from
now, I would feel really good if I see 10,000 or 20,000, or 50,000 young
leaders who are now taking over governments and businesses and nonprofit
organizations, and they now know each other from different countries and
they’ve worked together, and they’ve built trust and they’ve built
relationships. And if I can help facilitate that, that would be something
that I'd be very proud of. So you can guarantee that I'll continue to work
on this. (Applause.)
All right, yes, right here. Oops. Is it working? You might
need to use mine. (Applause.) Okay, there you go. Just in
time. (Laughter.)
Q Good morning, President Obama. I'm a YSEALI Academy
fellow, presently at the University of Montana.
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Excellent. How do you like Montana?
Q It's not cold, it is hot.
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Oh, it's very cold. You just haven't -- have you
gone through January yet?
Q Summer.
PRESIDENT OBAMA: When did you get there?
Q June through August.
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Yes, it's not cold in June and August. (Laughter.)
You just went there at the right time. But it's a beautiful state,
isn't it?
Q Yes. I love it.
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Yes, it's lovely. You have gorgeous mountains.
Have you learned how to fish?
Q Yes.
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Fly fishing?
Q Yes. I went rafting as well.
PRESIDENT OBAMA: And rafting also. That's great.
Q So my topic is about global environmental issues. So I'm
going to make my professor in Montana happy by asking a question related to
climate change and environment. So in Mekong region, there are a lot of
hydropower dams being are being built on the mainstream of the Mekong.
And this problem is not easy because we have big countries and small
countries related to the hydropower building in the area. So do you have
any suggestions for all the governments of the Mekong region to get together
and suspend in the interests, for the economic and environmental interests?
And just one more question. This is like a very tactical job interview.
Where do you find yourself in five years? Because I think it is a
very interesting period when Malia probably graduates from Howard University
and you still holding the computer or iPhone 10. (Laughter.) And
also that's when probably maybe Mr. Sanders or Mrs. Hillary or maybe Mr. Trump
finish their president term. So where do you find yourself and the world
in five years? Thank you. (Applause.)
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Well, first of all, on the Mekong Delta, we actually,
through ASEAN and the East Asia Summit, created a Mekong Delta working group
with all the countries that are impacted. And through our State
Department and various programs, we're working to help them plan and create
sustainable development across countries.
Now, you're right that one of the big challenges is how do you deal with water
resources and the building of dams and hydropower. And that's not a
problem that's unique to the Mekong Delta. You see this in a lot of parts
of the world where big projects get built with unintended consequences, and it
has severe effects downstream. And the results in some cases have been
not great. And they have significant environmental degradation because of
lack of planning.
So what we're going to try to do is to continue to work with the affected
countries and to provide them with the technical assistance and the evaluations
of what needs to happen, what they need to watch out for. And hopefully
that information is power. That information then can be used to negotiate on an
international level to try to prevent some projects that might have very bad
effects.
But one of the things that we've seen in ASEAN is when small countries band
together as a unit, then their power is magnified. That's true on economic
issues; that's true on environmental issues; that's true on security issues.
And we've seen, since I became President, I think a greater willingness
of the ASEAN countries to do more substantive work. It used to be I think
ASEAN would meet and everybody was very polite, but you didn’t always have I
think as many specific, concrete plans of action. And now you're starting
to see I think ASEAN being used as a much more effective tool for policymaking,
and the environmental area is a critical place where that can happen.
In terms of where I see the world in five years, some of you are going to be
doing great things, and I'll be very excited to find out what you're doing.
I suspect that I'm going to be doing the kinds of work that I've been
doing all my life. I'll be doing organizing work and involved in public
policy issues. But I just won't be doing it in a formal way through
elected office. I'll be like a community organizer, except a little more famous
than I used to be. (Laughter.)
In terms of American politics, I tend to be positive and optimistic about
American politics. I think sometimes other countries look at our election
system and people think, wow, what a mess. But usually we end up doing
okay because the American people are good people, and they -- as I hope you've
gotten to know people in Montana -- the American people are generous, and
they're decent and they're hardworking. And sometimes our politics
doesn’t express all the goodness of the people. But usually, eventually,
the voters make good decisions, and democracy works.
So I'm optimistic that we'll get through this period. And one of the
great things about the United States is that even when it makes mistakes, I
think it's able to adjust and recognize our mistakes, and then we correct
course and take different steps. So things are going to be okay, I
promise. (Applause.)
This guy, he has two hands up and a symbol. I don’t know what that means.
(Laughter.) I don’t know, it was interesting, so we'll call on him.
Maybe he'll explain it.
Q Hello, Mr. President. I want to say that you're so
handsome. (Laughter and applause.)
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Oh, okay! Well, you can just stop there if you
want. (Laughter.)
Q Okay. I have two questions of me -- now turn a little bit
into business.
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Business.
Q Yes. You told us just find something you deeply care
about, and my biggest care about is human resource management or talent
management. And now --
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Hotel management, did you say?
Q Talent management.
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Talent management. Got it.
Q Okay, now we are joining AEC and TPP. This may not --
beside opportunities, we have many challenges. The more challenge that --
they have many overseas companies, they want to attract Vietnamese talent.
And can you give a suggestion? We cannot just base on the
patriotism of them to force them to stay in Vietnam. They have a chance
to seek for their own development. So how can Vietnamese firms and
Vietnam government can have them stay and contribute to Vietnam? And one
more question about entrepreneurship. There is more -- like some company
will have lack of human resource because they move from other countries.
And how can the young entrepreneurs can deal with it? Can you give
any suggestion? Thank you. (Applause.)
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Okay. Look, if I understood your question -- so
TPP, you've got these new opportunities. Companies are going to be
interested in coming into Vietnam as investors or as business partners with
existing Vietnamese companies. And I think that any good foreign company
is going to want to partner with a Vietnamese partner who understands the
culture, understands the system. They're going to be looking for young
talent. And if you start a company that helps to identify talent and is
then helping those who are doing business here to recruit, I'm sure that that
will go very well.
This is not an area that I'm an expert on, but one of the things that we're
seeing is, through organizations like -- or companies like LinkedIn -- I don’t
know if you've heard of that
-- based out of Silicon Valley. But they've been able to build these
digital platforms where people are continually updating their résumés and
providing their information. And that becomes a powerful tool then for
human resource people who are recruiting. And it's conceivable that you
could do something equivalent to that in Vietnam in preparation for the ongoing
growth and development of businesses here in Vietnam.
So that's a great idea. Good luck.
In terms of the question on entrepreneurship, I wasn’t clear exactly what your
question was. Was it that you think talented Vietnamese are going
someplace else instead of staying here? Is that right?
Q How can Vietnamese firms and government have places to keep, to
retain the talent?
PRESIDENT OBAMA: To retain talent.
Q Yes.
PRESIDENT OBAMA: So you're worried about a brain-drain where --
Q Yes, brain-drain, yes.
PRESIDENT OBAMA: -- where young Vietnamese, they get an education and
suddenly they're being recruited to go to Australia, or to go to Singapore, or
to go the United States, or China, and then you don’t have enough entrepreneurs
here.
Well, look, I think the best way to retain talent in any country is to make
sure that talent is rewarded. And the way to reward talent is to have
strong rule of law; to have a good education system; to have the ability to
start a business relatively easily; to make sure that government policies when
it comes to taxation or when it comes to building infrastructure, that those
policies are good ones, and so that people feel as if, by staying here, this is
the best place for them to make it.
People usually don’t want to leave their home countries if they feel like
they've got opportunity in their home countries. Usually, they end up
leaving if they feel as if they're stuck in their home countries. And so
one of the benefits of the Trans-Pacific Partnership is it's going to lead to
the government taking a series of legal reforms that I actually think will
create a better business environment. And it means for young talented
people like you, there's no reason to leave because you're going to be in a
position to do great things here in Vietnam.
The places that I think lose talent where there’s a lot of corruption -- so no
matter how hard you work, you always have to pay a bribe or you've got to hire
somebody's cousin to get a license to do something -- that ends up frustrating
people. I think people feel frustrated if there's not a good education
system, because the truth is, is that not only do you need a good education,
but then if you want to start a business, you've got to be able to hire people
who also have a good education. And so you've got to count on the schools
training people properly. You want to have good infrastructure -- proper
roads. And you want to have proper wireless service in order for you to
do business in the 21st century.
Environmental issues are increasingly important. I mean, there are some
countries where it's actually hard to recruit people because it's hard to
breathe in some of the big cities. You don’t want to raise your kids --
no job is so important that it's okay if your children have asthma and they
can't breathe. And so, interestingly enough, if you want the best talent
today, you have to pay attention to quality-of-life issues and making sure that
people can have clean air and clean water, and they're not being exposed to
pollution that may cause cancer, and things like that.
So those are all policies that end up making a difference in retaining talent
in any country, in any city, in any community. (Applause.)
Good. All right. Okay, well, we got these young ladies. They
got a flag. So since you brought a flag, that's -- I'm very impressed
with your planning. (Laughter.) Those of you with the hat, with the
flag -- it's good organizing.
Q Hi, my name is Christina, and I'm with my colleague and some of
our other colleagues here. And we work for an American anti-human
trafficking NGO called Pacific Links Foundation. So we fight against
human trafficking here in Vietnam. With Vietnam emerging as an important
player in the TPP, many companies will start to shift their production in
factories to Vietnam, which will create a new mobile workforce. With that
comes the unfortunate opportunity for human traffickers and labor brokers to
take advantage of these workers, such as creating false promises or tricking
them or even coercing them into moving across borders, and therefore forcing
them into a situation of being trafficked. What is the United States
federal government doing to prevent human trafficking in the global supply
chain?
Q Before you answer, can I ask you a question?
PRESIDENT OBAMA: I'm sorry, I didn’t know --
Q Because we had the same --
PRESIDENT OBAMA: You're a tag team -- I got you.
Q Thank you. Before I came here I asked many -- whenever I
met someone I also asked what do you want to ask if you can meet President?
And a lot of questions and a lot of comments. And for now, I forgot
everything, but this remind me about Kenya friend -- and he said if I see you
see if he would come to Kenya, and he was pretty excited. And he said if
you could ask please Obama about human trafficking prevents strategy.
Thank you.
PRESIDENT OBAMA: All right. Well, let me see. You lost my
train of thought. (Laughter.) Look, the issue of human trafficking
is something that we have made a top priority in our State Department and the
United States government. So we have an entire set of policies designed
specifically to work with countries to prevent human trafficking. And
we've actually begun making progress in improved enforcement, in improved law
enforcement coordination. NGOs have been very helpful as partners with us
in identifying what are some of the paths where people are being exploited.
With respect to TPP, it's precisely because we put such an emphasis on this
that we actually have provisions in TPP designed to prevent human trafficking.
And it's actually given us leverage to work with some countries to say,
if you want to be part of TPP, you have to have a better system in place to
prevent human trafficking, including some of these cross-border migrant worker
situations.
So when I was in Malaysia, for example, meeting with Prime Minister Najib, one
of the most important topics as we were negotiating TPP was how could we do
more work in order to protect people who are being brought in -- whether it's
working at the palm oil plants or what have you -- so that there was better
tracking, better enforcement, better protections for people. And that's
in the actual agreement.
Now, I think that an agreement on paper is never enough, so there have to be
systems in place to monitor what's taking place. And these human traffickers
are very clever. They're like drug traffickers. If you cut off one
path, then try to take another path, and they're always looking to exploit
people who are desperate. So this is why this can't just be a government
initiative or a law enforcement initiative. It has to be something where
we're partnering with NGOs, human rights organizations. We have to be
very nimble in how we adapt to changing circumstances so that we're constantly
shutting down some of these pathways.
The last thing I'll say, though, is one of the best ways for us to reduce human
trafficking is to provide more opportunity for people, particularly in rural
areas through Southeast Asia. And if we can give young people in villages
a chance to make a living and get an education, and if we particularly focus on
women and girls -- because a lot of human trafficking results from the fact
that girls are not given the same educational opportunities as boys, and as a
consequence, they find themselves in very desperate situations -- the more we
can change those dynamics, that will also reduce the ability of people to
exploit people who have no hope, or think that they have to leave their
village, and are vulnerable then to claims that if you just come with us you're
going to be able to get a great job and everything is going to be okay.
And then, by the time they get there, they suddenly find themselves
trapped in a very bad situation.
Congratulations on the good work you're doing. I'm very proud of you.
Thank you. (Applause.)
All right, how much more time we got? We only got time for one more
question? All right, I'll take two more questions. But it's a guy's
turn first. I'm going to call on this guy just because I kind of like the
yellow in his hair there. I like the style. (Laughter.) There
you go.
Q Thank you. I'm a filmmaker, so I'm very interested in
personal stories. And you said before, when you are young you're like
fooling around. And I read on Internet -- I'm not sure if it's true or
not -- that you also like smoking weed and things like that. (Laughter.)
PRESIDENT OBAMA: I don’t know if that's true.
Q I wonder what makes you from that guy become a guy who care
about the society. Because a lot of -- I think many young Vietnamese
people, they still love like fooling around and they don’t really care about
the society. But there must be something that makes you become this person.
Thank you. (Applause.)
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Well, it's a good question. I wrote a book about
this called, "Dreams From My Father." I think it was translated
into Vietnamese, but I don’t know if it's still in bookstores near you.
You know, you never know exactly why something inside you clicks and you
decide to take a different path.
I think, for me, when I was young -- because I didn’t know my father, and I
didn’t grow up with him in the house -- my grandparents and my mother raised
me. And they were very loving and very generous. But I think I
rebelled in part because I felt that something was missing. And as I got
older I realized that instead of worrying about the father who wasn’t there I
should worry more about what can I do, and take more responsibility for my own
life.
And that led me to start studying more, and it led me to start thinking about
social issues more. I grew up. And why it took me until I was 19 or
20, where some other people like many of you have always been very organized --
like this young lady, I'll bet she’s always been very focused -- you don't know
why.
But I think your point about stories is good. One of the things that I've
learned about being a leader is sometimes we think people are motivated only by
money, or they’re only motivated by power, or these very concrete incentives.
But people are also inspired by stories. The stories they tell themselves
about what’s important and about their lives and about their country and about
their communities. And I think if you want to -- in whatever field you're
in, whether it's business or politics or nonprofit work, it's worthwhile to
listen to other people and ask them questions about the stories that are
important to them, because oftentimes you’ll find their motivations. And
when we come together to do important things, it's usually because we told a
good story about why we should be working together.
You think about the United States of America. We have a really good story
called the Declaration of Independence. “We hold these truths to be
self-evident that all men are created equal; that we're endowed with certain
unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of
happiness.” That's a wonderful story. There’s no -- when the Declaration
was made, there really was not United States. It was just a good story
that they were telling about what could be. And then people were
attracted to that story. And it led to independence, and it led to
immigrants from around the world who wanted that vision for themselves -- it
led Ho Chi Minh to adapt it when Vietnam was trying to declare independence.
It inspired movements around the world.
So, yes, the stories we tell each other are very, very important. And
good luck on making your movies. Don't believe everything you read on the
Internet, though. (Laughter and applause.)
Okay, last question. This young lady, she stood up and she’s like -- I
couldn't say no to her. She had her hand up. I thought she was going to
hit me if I didn’t call on her. (Laughter.) I'm teasing.
Q Hi. So I am a rapper here in Saigon, Vietnam.
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Are you a rapper? Oh, yes?
Q You have spoken a lot about environment and like politics and
economic progress of Vietnam. But as an artist, we have a lot to say.
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Okay.
Q We have message to say. I want to know how important it is
for a nation to really help and promote their art and culture, and to help its
nation in the future.
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Okay. Before I answer your question, why don't
you give me a little rap? Let’s see what you got. (Applause.)
Come on. Do you need like a little beat? Badoom, badoom.
(Laughter.)
Q Yes, I do, actually. (Laughter.)
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Go ahead. Come on.
Q Vietnamese or English?
PRESIDENT OBAMA: In Vietnamese, of course.
Q In Vietnamese?
PRESIDENT OBAMA: I won't know what it means, but just a short version --
because I got to get going. (Laughter.)
Q (Raps in Vietnamese.) My name is Sue, by the way.
(Applause.)
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Well, that was good. See there, that was pretty
good. What were you just rapping? What was your verse there?
Q I was just talking about some people having a lot of money,
having big houses, but actually are they really happy?
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Okay.
Q Yeah, a lot of things -- that people look at us and see like
different thing and something they assume, or a lot of like stereotypes like
me, Asian rapper, looking like a cute girl. People don't know --
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Is that what they think? (Laughter.)
Q But for Vietnamese people, it's different. They think
rapping is not like for women.
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Ahh. Well, that's true in the United States too.
(Laughter.) No, no, I just mean that there’s always been sort of
sexism and gender stereotypes in the music industry like every other part of
life.
But to answer your question, look, the arts are important. Artistic
expression is important. It's what I was just saying to the filmmaker
about stories that we tell each other. Music, poetry, representations of
life as it is and how it should be -- those are the things that inspire people.
Life is a combination of very practical things, right? You got to eat,
you got to work, you got to build roads and make sure that some dam isn't
ruining a community. But it's also the spirit that we have inside of us,
and how is that expressed, and what are our vision and what are our ideals for
the future, and how do we want to live together, and how do we treat each
other.
And one of the most important things about art is it teaches you to not just
think about yourself, but it puts you in the head of other people. So you
start realizing somebody else’s pain, or somebody else’s hopes. And you
start realizing that we have more in common. So if I read a novel by
somebody in Africa, now, suddenly, I understand more about how we are similar.
And if I listen to a Vietnamese rap, and it connects to the things that
I'm feeling, now I feel closer to a country on the other side of the world.
And that's how we build understanding. And that's how we end up
being able to work together and plan together and build a better future
together.
So, look, let’s be honest. Sometimes art is dangerous, though. And
that's why governments sometimes get nervous about art. But one of the
things that I truly believe is that if you try to suppress the arts, then I
think you're suppressing the deepest dreams and aspirations of a people.
And one of the great things about the United States, for all of our flaws in a
lot of areas, is that we do give much greater expression to our culture. And
something like rap, which started off as an expression of poor African
Americans, now, suddenly has become a global phenomenon and is really the art
form of most young people around the world today in a lot of ways. And
imagine if, at the time when rap was starting off, that our government had
said, no, because some of the things you say are offensive, or some of the lyrics
are rude, or you're cursing too much -- then that connection that we've seen
now in hip-hop culture around the world wouldn't exist.
So you got to let people express themselves. That's part of what a
modern, 21st century culture is all about.
All right, everybody. I've got to go, but this has been wonderful.
Thank you so much. (Applause.) God bless you. Thank
you. (Applause.)
END
12:11 P.M. ICT
