Sesan,
Sre Pok, and Sekong basins
with existing, under construction, and proposed dam
locations.
The
Sesan, Sre Pok, and Sekong basins (3Ss) straddle Cambodia, Vietnam, and Lao
PDR, and have been targeted for rapid development of hydropower. Understanding the impact of flow changes due
the operation of cascading dams is critical to address transboundary issues,
including power generation and potential alteration of downstream ecosystem
productivity.
The
Sesan, Sre Pok and Sekong river basins (3Ss) are located in the south eastern
part of the Mekong Basin and have a total drainage area of 78,650 km2. The 3Ss
straddle Cambodia (33%), Lao PDR (29%), and Viet Nam (38%). The Sre Pok and Se
San rivers flow from the Central Highlands of Viet Nam through Cambodia and
join with Sre Kong, which flows from Annamite mountain in Lao PDR about 40 km
before merge with the Mekong River mainstream at Stung Treng. Annual rainfall
over the basin varies from 1,100-3,800 mm, with the higher rainfall intensities
occurring in the Highlands of Lao PDR and Viet Nam. Annual flow at the outlet
is about. Annual discharge from the 3Ss represents approximately 17-20% of
total annual flows of the Mekong mainstream (91,000 mcm or an average of 2,886
m3/s), making it the largest tributary contribution to the Mekong basin and
therefore of significant importance.
The
3S basin area also has important aquatic biodiversity and provides ecosystem
services through habitat for migrating fish (rapids, deep pools and sand
bars). National protected areas cover
about 20% of the basin. There are also significant Important Bird Areas which
have high biodiversity value.
Over
2 million people live in Viet Nam part while in Lao PDR and Cambodia there are
only 260,000 and 230,000 people, respectively. Most people in Lao PDR and
Cambodia still live close to the river
system and remain highly depend on natural resources and ecosystem services
while the Central Highlands of Viet Nam have a dense population and are undergoing
a rapidly accelerating development.
The
impact of dam development along the 3Ss and dam operation scenarios were
modelled with the HEC-HMS (Hydrological Modelling System), SWAT, and HEC-ResSim
(Reservoir Simulation) models to quantify the magnitude of potential changes to
water flows and levels. Simulations were conducted on a daily time step.
An
overview of results from some of our modelling efforts were presented at the
Stimson Center in August, 2011. The
video interview and powerpoint presentation can be seen here:
http://www.stimson.org/video/interview-with-dr-tom-cochrane/
Associated journal publication:
Arias,
M.E., Piman, T., Lauri, H., Cochrane, T.A., Kummu, M. (2014) Dams on Mekong
tributaries as significant contributors of hydrological alterations to the
Tonle Sap Floodplain in Cambodia. Hydrological and Earth System Sciences
Discussion 11, 2177-2209. doi:10.5194/hessd-11-2177-2014.
Piman,
T., Cochrane, T.A., Arias, M.E., Green, A., and Dat, N.D. (2013) Assessment of
Flow Changes from Hydropower Development and Operations in Sekong, Sesan and
Srepok Rivers of the Mekong Basin.
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, ASCE,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000286
Source:
“Where
There Is Water, There Is Life” Or Story About Serepok River
Unconventional,
from its source flowing into the sea like other rivers, the Serepok river of
the Central Highlands. It flows back upstream into Cambodia. Serepok river (or
Srepok), the Khmer name is Tonlé Srepok. It is the largest river in the river
system in Dak Lak.
This
is an important tributary of the Mekong River. People also call it Dak Krong
River. It is 406 km long from the confluence of the Krong Ana and Krong No
rivers to the mouth of the river. With a length of about 126 km in the
Vietnamese territory and about 281 km in length in Cambodia.
In
the ethnic languages of the Central Highlands and Southern Laos, “Se” was a
river, and if called correct, it should be Se Rêpôk.
Serepok River from above
Located
in the west of the Truong Son River, Serepok river flows to Cambodia before
entering the Mekong River. After which the large river returns to Vietnam.
Serepok river is formed entirely in Dak Lak. it is composed of two small rivers
Krong Ana (Mother River) and Krong No (Father river). The river flows through
Krong Ana, Buon Don and Ea Sup districts of Dak Lak.
The
Tay Nguyen legend says that Krong Kno and Krong Ana were just a Serepok river.
At that time, a boy from Buon Kuop fell in love with a girl on the other side
of the river. Their love grows bigger until they are discovered by their
relatives. These two families have had a grudge against each other hundreds of
years ago. So do not accept the descendants love each other, find ways to
prevent and divide the love couple. But because they love each other, they both
find ways to resist. On a cool moon night in the Serepok river, the couples
have jumped into the river together. After they died, the black clouds suddenly
came from many places, the sky was black, the river flowing rushing water.
Tomorrow morning, when people wake up, the river has turned into two lines.
Another
tributary of the Serepok River is Dak Dam, which is Cambodia’s prek Dak Dam.
Which is more than 100 km long and runs north-south along the border between
Vietnam and Cambodia.
Out
of the Vietnamese territory, Serepok was supplemented by abundant water from
the Ea H’leo River. The Serepok River enters the Mekong River near Stung Treng,
Stung Treng Province. Before entering, it also received water from the Sesan
River and Sekong River, which also came from the Vietnamese territory.
The
Serepok River is 406 km long and has many majestic waterfalls. Such as Trinh Nu
Waterfall, Dray Sap Waterfall, Dray Nu Waterfall, Dray H’Linh Waterfall, Gia
Long Waterfall and Bay Nhanh Waterfall which are attractions for tourists.
At
the end of the 19th century, when people didn’t develop the road in Daklak,
Serepok was one of the important trade routes in the area. Lao and Cambodian
people often sail upstream to trade and exchange goods with the highlands of
Dak Lak in Vietnam. Ban Don has since become a crowded commercial port then;
may be like Hoi An of Da Nang or Pho Hien – Hung Yen.
The
Lao people had come here to trade here, and have built up a Ban Don which is
famous for its unique cultural identity.
SOURCE:
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